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In this guide, we'll show you how to set up passwordless access to your RDS MySQL databases without the need for traditional passwords.
There are nine steps to this process:
Prepare Your BastionZero Account
Configure AWS IAM Policy and Role
Launch an EC2 Instance
Install the BastionZero Agent on EC2 Instance
Create & Configure an RDS Database
Attach RDS MySQL Instance to EC2 Instance
Enable SSL Between RDS MySQL and EC2 Instances
Create BastionZero Database Target
Create BastionZero Access Policy
Create a registration key
We'll use this registration key for installing the agent below. Hang on to it!
Here is an example of a policy that says, "Allow database users read_only, read_write, and admin to connect to my database identified by the id db-ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1, which is in my AWS account 123456789012 in the us-east-1 region."
Click on "Next."
Name the policy, for example, "RDS_MySQL_Impersonation_Policy."
Click on "Create policy."
Click on "Roles" then "Create role."
Select "AWS service" as the type of trusted entity.
For the service that will use this role, choose "EC2."
Click on "Next."
In the search box, search for the name of the policy you just created (e.g., "RDS_MySQL_Impersonation_Policy").
Check the box next to your newly created policy.
Click "Next."
Enter a memorable role name, for instance, "RDS MySQL Impersonator."
Review the role and click "Create role."
Now you have successfully created an IAM Role User "RDS MySQL Impersonator" with a role that allows "RDS MySQL Impersonator" to authenticate as a database user.
Click on the "Launch Instances" button.
Give your instance a name.
Choose an Amazon Machine Image (AMI).
Choose an instance type (we’re using t.2 micro for this example).
When you launch your instance, you need to select a key pair that you'll use to SSH into your instance to install the BastionZero agent. If you don't have an existing key pair, you can create a new one. Be sure to download and securely store the private key file (.pem).
In the "Advanced Details" section, look for the "IAM instance profile" field. It is in this drop-down list that you'll select the IAM role that you want to assign to the EC2 instance. Click on the "IAM instance profile" drop-down list and you should see the "RDS MySQL Impersonator" role that you created earlier. Select this role.
After you've selected the role, continue to configure storage, add tags, and configure the security group as per your requirements.
Review your choices and then click "Launch."
Click on "View Instances" to go back to your EC2 Dashboard. Here, you should see your instance launching.
It may take a few minutes for your instance to launch. Once it's running, you can connect to it using the key pair that you specified when launching the instance.
SSH into your EC2 instance.
From the services list, select "RDS" to access the RDS Dashboard.
If you have a pre-existing RDS MySQL database, skip through to "Configure the Database." Depending on how your database is set up, you may need to make some adjustments to allow for passwordless access.
Click on "Create database."
Select the "Standard Create" method and choose the MySQL engine.
Make any adjustments to details such as the version that suits your needs.
Enter the details under "Settings." Here, the Master username will be "admin" by default, and you will be asked to enter a password. Remember this password, as you will need it to connect to the database and add your passwordless user(s).
Specify the Database details as needed like DB instance identifier, instance size, storage, etc.
Under "Connectivity," make sure your database is publicly accessible if you need to access it from outside of AWS.
Choose the VPC, Subnet Group, Publicly Accessible settings, VPC Security Group(s), and Availability Zone based on your needs.
MOST IMPORTANTLY: under the "Database authentication" section, you must select "Password and IAM database authentication." For existing databases, you may need to select "Modify" and update this setting.
After all the details have been specified, click on "Create database" at the bottom of the page.
Your RDS MySQL instance will now be set up. This can take a few minutes.
In the database menu, click “Actions” in the top right and select “Set up EC2 connection.”
Select the EC2 instance from above and click “Confirm and set up.”
Use your preferred file transfer protocol to upload the .pem file (i.e., for us-west-1 , the bundle is named us-west-1-bundle.pem) to your EC2 instance. Make sure this is in an accessible directory.
After the database is available, click on the DB instance name to get the details, including the endpoint.
Use a SQL client to connect to the database (such as the CLI tool mysql or a GUI like DBeaver). You'll need the endpoint, port (usually 3306 for MySQL), username (admin), and the password you created earlier.
You can now exit out of your database.
Click the "Create" button in the top right and select "Database."
Give your target a name (e.g., rds-mysql).
Select the Proxy Target or Proxy Environment as the proxy type. This should be either the target you installed the BastionZero agent on that has access to your database, or an environment with multiple targets with the BastionZero agent installed.
Select "Service account injection" for the Authentication Type.
Set the Database Type to "AWS MySQL."
In the "Remote Host" field, enter the instance connection name from AWS RDS (e.g., mysql-example.1230xabcxlia.us-west-1.rds.amazonaws.com). Based on the authentication method and database type chosen, BastionZero will prepend the protocol prefix if it is not provided with the instance name; so you can safely omit the rds://.
In the "Remote Port" field, enter the remote database port (e.g., 3306).
In the “Local Host” field, enter localhost.
Set the “Local Port” to your desired local port (e.g., “1501”). If you do not require this target to open on a specific port, we recommend you leave this field blank, and BastionZero will choose an available port for you at time of connection.
Select the environment to place this database target into.
Click "Add" to create the database target.
You should see this target appear on the Targets page.
Click on "Create" in the top right and select "Policy."
In the “Policy Type” select “Proxy.”
In the "Policy Name" field, enter a name for your policy.
In the "Users" section, add users from your IdP who you’d like to be able to access the remote database (this can also include groups or service accounts if those need access, too).
Under "Resource Type" - you can either opt to write a policy against the database target explicitly by using the "Targets" section or an environment. In this example, the below policy is written for targets in the AWS environment.
In the “Allowed Target Users” section, add the database user from AWS (e.g., alice).
Click "Save" to create the policy.
From your terminal using the zli, run:
The command line will output a localhost address where the connection to your database is hosted. It may look something like localhost:1234. The port number will either be the port number you assigned when creating the target or an available port that BastionZero assigned for you.
For those using MySQL CLI, you can access your database passwordlessly by doing the following:
When prompted for the password, press enter. BastionZero is handling the authentication to your database passwordlessly in the background.
While the command line arguments may read like SSL is not enabled for this connection, all communication between BastionZero and your database is being conducted via SSL. Using passwordless databases removes the hassle of users generating authorization tokens, etc. and instead, this is handled by BastionZero. Thus, the connection command for the user is much simpler.
In your database client, you’ll need to specify the port to connect to and your username.
Congratulations! You have successfully completed all the necessary steps to set up your passwordless access to AWS RDS MySQL. You should now be able to establish a secure connection to your database using the ZLI and your specified username. This marks the completion of your setup and configuration process.
For the purposes of this guide, we will assume you have already, have your, and have the. Once that is complete, we’ll do a few things in our BastionZero account to set ourselves up for success as outlined below:
Log in to BastionZero web app at
We can grab a registration key from the BastionZero web interface at. Once you sign in, select "Create" in the upper righthand corner and choose "API Key."
Log in to the .
Head to the policies page. Click on "Create policy."
In the JSON tab of the create policy screen, replace any existing content with the following JSON. You need to modify the following with information that is specific to your account:
- RDS_DATABASE_REGION
- YOUR_AWS_ACCOUNT_ID
- DBI_RESOURCE_ID
- DB_USERNAME
Below is an example policy that outlines the structure the needed information must follow. Find more information about creating and using an IAM policy for IAM database access policies . If you have multiple database roles that need access, you must include a resource statement (line 8) for each role.
Access in the AWS console.
Navigate to the by selecting "EC2" from the list of services.
Download and install the BastionZero agent according to the instructions provided by BastionZero. You'll need your registration key from the "Preparing Your Account" section above.
Verify that the agent is available in the targets interface at.
Name the agent something memorable; we'll need it when we create a database target .
In order to enable passwordless access to your MySQL database, ensure that your . To do this, you must upload an Amazon certificate bundle for your specific AWS region(s) to your associated EC2 instance. These bundles contain both the intermediate and root certificates for an AWS region. Find those bundles .
Once you're connected to your database as the admin, you can create a new user (or modify an existing one). This user or set of users should match the DB_USERS you included in your earlier in this guide.
Run the following commands to , read_only. If you are modifying an existing user, you'll want to user ALTER rather than CREATE.
Navigate to the "" section of the BastionZero cloud app.
Navigate to the "" section of the BastionZero web app.
Configure access to your RDS MySQL databases without the need for traditional passwords.
